Why, in the US, do Asians show higher levels of achievement than native whites? Why do African-Americans achieve less, on average, than whites? And why do immigrant blacks achieve at a higher level than US-born blacks?
I wish that we in the US would just stop categorizing people by race and, if social "scientists" want to study things like achievement, they would apply their time to studying the cultures and subcultures in which individuals develop.
It's an open secret that there are far more whites living in poverty in the US than blacks. That's culture too. Murray's Coming Apart portrays it well. Not everybody has either bourgeois values or conventional aspirations.
Glenn Lowry has written a report: Why Does Racial Inequality Persist?Culture, Causation, and Responsibility