There is obviously a correlation between muscle mass and strength for the "strong men," but for ordinary men and for women, not so much. It's common for me to see young women in the gym, with no notable muscle mass, outlifting me in squats and even in deads.
What do we consider low reps? Low reps are when you can only do 3-8 reps. Higher reps are 10-20. I would never do high reps with powerlifts. Arms, yes. Calisthenics like pushups, for sure.
A study which looked at bench-press, military-press, lat-pulldown, cable-row, squat, leg-press and leg-extension found this: High reps good for building muscle mass, not strength .
What is your experience with resistance exercise?