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Thursday, March 15. 2012More on Deceptive Climate Alarmism on the Ides of March: Orson Welles, Graphs, plus just relax about the weather - and Go Huskies!"If you want a happy ending, that depends, of course, on where you stop your story." Orson Welles And on where you start it. We may not be professional scientists here on the Farm, but we've all read the classic How to Lie with Statistics, and I assume we've all studed at least basic calculus. (And we all also know that computer modeling depends on the parameters you chose, or adjust ex post facto: "With four parameters I can fit an elephant, and with five I can make him wiggle his trunk." - John Von Neuman. In science, if data fails to fit models, they adjust the models to fit the data, and keep their jobs and federal grants. In finance, you get fired or lose your bonus.) Sticking with Orson Welles for today, my point is elementary math: If you select your end point (and your starting point), you can extrapolate out any line from any piece of any graph or curve you want. That's termed "cherry picking." That's why they say that, if you extrapolate the curve of the log graph of the population of Houston from 1950 to 1980, Houston would shortly contain the entire population of the USA. Climate alarmists are famous for extrapolating from small, selected pieces of data - and also for continual realignment of modeling parameters (which is not science, it's computer gaming). Let's accept that post-glacial global warming has been going on, with dramatic bumps up and down but generally beneficially for humans (not for Wooly Mammoths), for 10,000 years, with the resulting 120-150 meters of ocean rise. (There are many Neolithic villages underwater in the English Channel and the North Sea, many Indian villages underwater 50-60 miles out from the coast of Virginia, etc.) This will continue until the climate tide changes back to the next glaciation in the next few centuries or millennia. Given recent predictions, we are warned to expect at least several decades of global cooling around now. Will it be the Big One? A warning to go long Key Largo real estate? Here's an amusing alarmist example which is being fed to our benighted, innocent kiddies: Warming Doubles Extreme Coastal Flood Risk Across U.S. They begin:
As if it all began in 1880. It's probably closer to 6 inches in the past 200 years, but let that pass. The real question is why they picked 1880 instead of saying "Rising seas since 1800 increase the risk of damaging storm surges"? The line would be less scarey. Or better yet, why not say "Rising seas since 15,000 BC increase the risk of damaging storm surges"? Look at this graph. Why not draw your average beginning at 1800? Aha. they picked a low point and a high point on the curvacious historical graph, and are extrapolating from that teensy piece of it to instill terror. If you picked 1800 as your starting point, your line would look different. And, as we posted yesterday, if you picked 18,000 years ago, your take on the data would be quite different again. You would relax and turn on the basketball game. Go Huskies - and we may need real Huskies here soon: Call me paranoid if you want, but my view is that there is an unspoken alliance (not a conscious conspiracy) between greedy scientists and greedy governments of all sorts to make a big deal out of a big nothing. I hope to survive the big chill to see that finally people will have admitted, as they finally admitted about the imminent Ice Age scare of the 1970s - that it is pure hype. But, what the heck, let's step even further backwards from the frame for the really Big Picture. I'll bet teacher never told you that we remain in a cold spell, historically-speaking. Yes, indeed. Polar ice caps are not normal for planet Earth. The earth doesn't have a fever - it has a very bad cold right now:
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The Barrister: The real question is why they picked 1880 instead of saying "Rising seas since 1800 increase the risk of damaging storm surges"? The line would be less scarey. Or better yet, why not say "Rising seas since 15,000 BC increase the risk of damaging storm surges"? Look at this graph. Why not draw your average beginning at 1800?
Because that's when the current rise in sea levels began. The Barrister: And, as we posted yesterday, if you picked 18,000 years ago, your take on the data would be quite different again. The graph shows a large melt due to the end of the Ice Age. The Barrister: But, what the heck, let's step even further backwards from the frame for the really Big Picture. There have been vary wide variations in climate over Earth's history. Saying sea levels were even higher during the Triassic doesn't shed much light on how projected rises in sea level will affect the millions of people who live on coastal plains. The point is that you can convey whatever you want by picking your data.
It's all in the book. The B: The point is that you can convey whatever you want by picking your data.
Not actually. You can fool yourself or other with statistics, but it is quite possible to determine real trends from data. But, just to remind you, climatology is not simply a matter of extrapolating trends, but an explanatory theory. In a complex system, this is absolutely 100% true.
A good comparison is supply and demand - which as an explanatory theory is fairly well developed. We can even model it, and if we choose good parameters feel that we can estimate eventual price and supply outcomes rather sufficiently. However, supply and demand in a closed system is different from one in complex environment. Suddenly, other externalities and unknowns come into play. So we pick and choose the portions of "all things being equal" and what we decide are the most important to making our model work the way we want it to. I have seen these fall apart when events occur that are little understood or unexpected - sensitive conditions. The explanatory theory remains intact, the model fails. Bulldog: In a complex system, this is absolutely 100% true.
What is 100% true? The Earth's climate is a complex system, but that doesn't mean the laws of thermodynamics don't apply. If you put greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, or solar irradiance increases, the average surface temperature will rise. Even as the weather and regional climate remains chaotic, the energy of dissipation rises. Bulldog: I have seen these fall apart when events occur that are little understood or unexpected - sensitive conditions. Markets have much more uncertainty in relationships than climate, which is a deterministic dynamical system.
#2.1.1.1.1
Zachriel
on
2012-03-15 15:43
(Reply)
Determinism is also in play with supply and demand. It's the external issues, or issues you're unfamiliar with, that are important, and that's why your comment is not applicable.
Do you know EVERY SINGLE factor that comes into play in a climate? Every single one and exactly how it plays a role? If you do, you probably can swing on over and pick up your Nobel.
#2.1.1.1.1.1
Bulldog
on
2012-03-15 16:37
(Reply)
Bulldog: If you do, you probably can swing on over and pick up your Nobel.
Your argument seems to be that because chaotic systems are inherently difficult to predict in some aspects, that no predictions are possible. (If this wasn't your argument, then you would have to argue specifics, not generalities, such as by pointing to market forecasting models.) That position is incorrect. For instance, though we can't predict today whether it will rain on Bastille Day in Paris, we can confidently predict that it will be generally warmer in Paris in July than in December. Similarly, if greenhouse gases increase in the atmosphere, then more heat will be trapped near the surface.
#2.1.1.1.1.1.1
Zachriel
on
2012-03-15 18:58
(Reply)
A hundred years ago, the Outer Banks were lightly populated. Today they are a vacation community and vibrant. I considered buying there 20 years ago, as a rental/vacation property.
I would have done very well. But I'd have had massive costs, too. The problem isn't focusing on the coastal plains. Marginal properties everywhere become valuable when primary properties become fully developed. I use the term "marginal" for the Outer Banks because that's exactly what they were 100 years ago. Just because they are valuable today doesn't mean we have to gear national policy to a minority of people who live in a plain which they know is susceptible to flooding. Remember the Mississippi flooding of the 90's which we were supposedly able to prevent with levees, dikes and various other ACofE projects? That worked....poorly (in the long run) Bulldog: A hundred years ago, the Outer Banks were lightly populated. Today they are a vacation community and vibrant... Just because they are valuable today doesn't mean we have to gear national policy to a minority of people who live in a plain which they know is susceptible to flooding.
Not sure why Americans think that every house in the flood plain is a beach house used for vacations. Millions of people rely upon arable lands that may become inundated or salinized with rising sea levels. Did I say every house on the Outer Banks was a vacation home? I said it's a vacation community. Would you dispute this?
You, like so many of your brethren, choose the data points you wish to argue, pick them carefully, overemphasize their role, and then make your case. Sadly, the case is false. I didn't say every home was a vacation home. I said it was a vacation COMMUNITY. This means there are many full-time residents, but it swells during peak seasons. I used this as a basis because supposedly the Outer Banks should be underwater right now (if original theories of warming were correct). In fact, the Outer Banks have gradually been creeping closer to the mainland over many millenia, and while they get wash outs during big hurricanes, they have yet to really fall beneath the supposedly rapidly rising seas. A secondary point, which you blithely ignored, is whether doing anything to help the people there is worthwhile. As we learned with the Mississippi, when we try to alter outcomes, the unintended consequences are costly and exceed the value we thought we'd gain. Entire towns had to move and the farming communities had to change which crops they raised, as well as how they farmed the lands in the floodplain. The learning from the Mississippi should be this - learn how to work within the changes that occur naturally, rather than forcing earth to do the things you believe it should be doing for you. I forgot to mention. I intended to buy there in 1991. Had I done so my capital gains today would've made me a wealthy man (on paper). The problem with this?
I would have incurred massive costs from at least 3/4 hurricanes. Now I would likely have had hurricane insurance, so the money wouldn't be the issue. But have you ever had to manage a home during and after a hurricane, even if you have the cash to do so? I have, in the house I live in. It's not a pleasant experience, and I knew (in 1992) that the area was prone to large storms (many called "local hurricanes" due to the fact that the Labrador Current meets the Gulf Stream about 10 miles offshore, leading to lots of turbulent weather). After interviewing people in the area, I realized that vacation home owners get short shrift from the locals, who hog all the state/federal assistance and manage it to their benefit. This was part of the long-term shift I had toward Libertarianism, when I learned that money meant to help all typically only goes to help the few who manage and control it. That's immaterial to the Warming issue - but it does play directly into the economic costs of "doing something" when natural events come into play. I opted to not invest there, and deemed the annual loss of rental for a vacation an improvement over the hassles of being a landlord in a vacation community. A community which should've been washed out completely by now. But I'm sure you've got reasons why that was wrong, but should be right in....oh....20 years - right? To begin, Go Orange (if it's warming, there will be plenty of Orange groves).
This is an excellent breakdown of the processes which allow the AGW crowd to spin their story. In some of the back and forth I've had with Zachriel, it's clear the warmists don't really understand the nature of the skeptics complaints. For one, not all skeptics simply say "Warming is NOT happening." In fact, Dr. Mercury spent a good deal of time pointing out that it is. I agree that there is some happening, as well. The point of disagreement is on other issues. These are: 1. What kind of warming? Is it man-made? I'd argue that while there is some evidence of man-made impact, it's at best minor. However, if real proof of large man-made impacts were available, there is still point two: 2. How bad is it likely to be? The catastrophic scenarios all grow from the data models. The modelling, however, is inconsistent and often misleading. We are told the worst case scenarios are the most trumpeted simply because we need to be scared into action, which raises another point: 3. Why do we need to do anything? Climates change all the time, with or without man's impact. The earth goes on. It is man's own sense of self that infuses this discussion, the belief that we must continue to exist exactly as we are, with some climate similar to the one we have today. I'd argue that we can survive in many different climates, and even if we can't - so what? Plenty of animals have gone extinct with or without man....it's part of the overall cycle. We have deluded ourselves into believing that our primary goal is to keep things exactly as they are. It's odd that "Liberals", who usually seek to change things, are looking to keep climate unchanged (or relatively the same). After all, "Conservatives" like things just the way they are, and typically consider change to be unwelcome. I know this is a sarcastic slight to both parties, but it's directionally correct. The issue you've outlined here - the problem of modeling - is one which others here have said are "mechanistic", meaning the inputs will yield a particular outcome (as any model would) because they somehow explain physiological or biological outcomes in an impersonal manner. Except that climate is not a mechanistic body which is as well understood as, say, the body (which many doctors would say is still not as well understood as even they would like). However, it's possible to model bodily functions to a very high degree of confidence because it is very well understood. Climate is not nearly as well understood, and much more importantly it has many more inputs that are still relatively unknown. In fact, the Paleocene warming is not sufficiently explained by radiative forcing of Carbon Dioxide. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v2/n8/abs/ngeo578.html This doesn't mean forcing is wrong, it just means it doesn't really explain much at all. Clearly other factors have to come into play - and these remain unknown. As a result, the modeling that is done is handled with what is known. And the assumption is that these inputs can yield only certain results. However, climatologists admit that climate is sensitive to initial conditions - it is a complex system. This means that many small inputs have a larger impact than would seem reasonable considering their relation to other, larger, inputs. As a result, if you keep adding in new data, but leave key pieces out, it's probable that you're not getting better data, just different data. This is very common in business modeling. This is precisely why, when I do models, I am asked to provide multiple versions and relative confidence about which models make the most sense, with information backing up my claims and contingencies in the even of anomalies. I have yet to see anything of this sort from climatologists, because they are assuming the mechanistic nature of their models is linear - it can go in only one direction. This is another flaw of modeling. In order to model, you have to have an assumed outcome. The idea of mechanistic models is that the inputs determine the output. But this is true in any model. Choose the right inputs, and you can pump up Carbon Dioxide to astronomical levels. Alter them slightly, and it could be possible to see them stabilize. Since even climatologists have no idea what all the possible inputs must be, or what their overall impact is, a real world model is unrealistic. This is precisely why weathermen rarely enjoy doing forecasts much more than 2 -3 days out. Hurricane tracking has improved to a very large degree, and is a good example of why large-scale modeling is still out of reach. As much as they'd like, weather forecasters still cannot pinpoint the path of hurricane to any large degree of confidence more than a day or two out. You really have a verry high patience quotient. I gave up trying to even speak to True Believers a few years ago...
Bulldog: These are:
1. What kind of warming? Greenhouse warming. Bulldog: Is it man-made? As it is greenhouse warming, it is almost certainly due to human activities. Bulldog: I'd argue that while there is some evidence of man-made impact, it's at best minor. The current data indicates a climate sensitivity of about 3°C. Bulldog: How bad is it likely to be? There is still a lot of uncertainty, however, you can't get to point two until you get past point one. Bulldog: In fact, the Paleocene warming is not sufficiently explained by radiative forcing of Carbon Dioxide. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v2/n8/abs/ngeo578.html Not sure how pointing to runaway global warming supports your argument. It would seem to indicate caution in terms of inadvertently manipulating the climate. Bulldog: I'd argue that we can survive in many different climates, and even if we can't - so what? We're rather fond of the bipedal apes. But that's just us. Consider it a peccadillo. Bulldog: These are:
1. What kind of warming? Zachriel: Greenhouse warming. There are other types of "warming" that are involved in climatology, including the variable output of the sun, which is NOT accounted for in Warming models. Bulldog: Is it man-made? As it is greenhouse warming, it is almost certainly due to human activities. Is the increase in methane also due entirely to human activities? Methane is a much more "potent" greenhouse gas. But you do not account for the warming due to the greenhouse gas most prevelant in the atmosphere, which is water vapor. Bulldog: I'd argue that while there is some evidence of man-made impact, it's at best minor. The current data indicates a climate sensitivity of about 3°C. What data is this figure based upon? Bulldog: How bad is it likely to be? There is still a lot of uncertainty, however, you can't get to point two until you get past point one. There is WAY too much "uncertainty" to even begin thinking about changing the entire world's economy, as many "warmists" demand Bulldog: In fact, the Paleocene warming is not sufficiently explained by radiative forcing of Carbon Dioxide. http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v2/n8/abs/ngeo578.html Not sure how pointing to runaway global warming supports your argument. It would seem to indicate caution in terms of inadvertently manipulating the climate. "Runaway Global Warming" that is occurring during a period of earth's history that consists of frequent (geologically-speaking) ice ages? Really? Bulldog: I'd argue that we can survive in many different climates, and even if we can't - so what? We're rather fond of the bipedal apes. But that's just us. Consider it a peccadillo. Who is this "we" you're referring to? Can't you speak for yourself? cas: There are other types of "warming" that are involved in climatology, including the variable output of the sun, which is NOT accounted for in Warming models.
Yes, solar irradiance is included in climate models, but solar irradiance has actually decreased slightly over the last 30 years. In any case, increases in solar irradiance do not cool the stratosphere while warming the troposphere. That is a result of heat becoming trapped in the lower atmosphere. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/globalwarming/ar4-fig-3-17.gif cas: Is the increase in methane also due entirely to human activities? Methane is a much more "potent" greenhouse gas. Methane is an important greenhouse gas, however, it doesn't stay in the atmosphere over long periods. If large quantities of methane were to suddenly enter the atmosphere (such as through melting of the permaforst), then it could cause catastrophic climate change. At this point, most climatologists do not believe this is likely. cas: But you do not account for the warming due to the greenhouse gas most prevelant in the atmosphere, which is water vapor. Water vapor is key to understanding, climate sensitivity. While a doubling of CO2 will increase temperature by only about 1°C, this will cause the water vapor content of the atmosphere to increase. The evidence indicates this feedback will result in about a 3°C increase in temperature. cas: What data is this figure based upon? From a wide variety of studies, using varying methodologies. It a very active area of study, as it is crucial to understanding how quickly the climate will change. Here's a smattering: Volcanic forcing Wigley et al., Effect of climate sensitivity on the response to volcanic forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research 2005. Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Forster & Gregory, The Climate Sensitivity and Its Components Diagnosed from Earth Radiation Budget Data, Journal of Climate 2006. Paleoclimatic constraints Schmittner et al., Climate Sensitivity Estimated from Temperature Reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum, Science 2011. Bayesian probability Annan & Hargreaves, On the generation and interpretation of probabilistic estimates of climate sensitivity, Climate Change 2008. Review paper Knutti & Hegerl, The equilibrium sensitivity of the Earth’s temperature to radiation changes, Nature Geoscience 2008. cas: There is WAY too much "uncertainty" to even begin thinking about changing the entire world's economy, as many "warmists" demand You can't get to step two until you understand step one. However, any response has to allow for strong economic development. It's the only way forward. cas: "Runaway Global Warming" that is occurring during a period of earth's history that consists of frequent (geologically-speaking) ice ages? Really? Yes. There's an entire subfield called paleoclimatology. It turns out that climatologists have studied the past. 1. Since the warmists appear so fearful, one might think they'd find some comfort in putting it all in perspective. But no.
2. I know evangelical Christians who are far less certain about the nature of God than some warmists are certain about the terrors of AGW. 3. Clearly, more planetary warming would be a good thing, overall. However, the great dangers to mankind are an Ice Age, asteroids, and, of course, alien invasion. 4. Flood plains are called that for a reason. If you live near water, expect to get floods. Government flood insurance is a perverse incentive. I notice Al Gore just bought a mega mansion and estate just blocks from the California coast...so I guess he isn't worried. Not that he knows anything about science. 5. Why is that Phanerozoic graph irrelevant? It shows that we're in a 75 million-year cold snap, and will be in it for quite some time until that curve bends upwards again and we return to being a happy, fully-green planet. Zachriel, do you know a guy goes by daveyboy over at Don Surber's blog? If not, I think you'd like each other.
"Orwellian" --re dystopian George Orwell
"Orswellian" --re falstaffian Orson Welles "Ohwellian" --re sanctimonium Zachriel "Orwellian" --re dystopian George Orwell
"Orswellian" --re falstaffian Orson Welles "Ohwellian" --re sanctimonian Zachriel |