We are a commune of inquiring, skeptical, politically centrist, capitalist, anglophile, traditionalist New England Yankee humans, humanoids, and animals with many interests beyond and above politics. Each of us has had a high-school education (or GED), but all had ADD so didn't pay attention very well, especially the dogs. Each one of us does "try my best to be just like I am," and none of us enjoys working for others, including for Maggie, from whom we receive neither a nickel nor a dime. Freedom from nags, cranks, government, do-gooders, control-freaks and idiots is all that we ask for.
For the horrible and unnecessary WW 1, I blame human nature.
If you'll pardon me for saying so, that is a bit of a cop out. After all, aren't all wars started because of human nature?
As for who was to blame, one can argue that any of several players was to blame.
My preferred culprit in the events leading up to WWI was the Russians.
Austria-Hungary was determined to punish the Serbs for the assassination in Sarajevo. If Russia, just stands idly by, the Austro-Hungarian Empire could have bloodied the Serbs' nose and then things would probably quieted back down.
But Russia didn't do that. After resisting the pressure from his advisors for half a day, Czar Nicolas II caved and ordered his forces to mobilize, and now the trap that was chain of alliances was sprung and everyone went to war.
The one exemption was England, and after vacillating for a few days decided they had to honor their commitment to defend Belgian neutrality.
It should also be remembered that all the belligerent nations enjoyed popular support for going to war. There had not been a seriously bloody war in Europe since Napolean. The Prussians had defeated the French quickly, and rather easily in 1870. Since everyone thought they would be fighting the last war again, they thought it would be over by Christmas.
It's remarkable that NO ONE could see the cataclysm that was coming.
This is the correct analysis: Russia mobilized first - in an era when it took weeks or months to assemble an army. And no wonder: by 1900, Germany was the most technology advanced, prosperous, well-educated society in all of Europe with a superior military
But Germany was pinched by France (who the author correctly noted was still mad from its bloody nose in 1870 by Germany's fist), and Russia which had serious ties to France for the previous 30 years (even rumors Russia install France's president).
Royal Europe didn't much like the Arch Duke. They thought him a jerk simply waiting for his dad to die. Plus, he committed the faux pas of marrying beneath his station. Kaiser Wilhelm was the only royal of importance to attend the Duke's funeral.
I say Sarajevo was a nothing burger, or at best a ruse for the history books to hide Russia/France collusion against Germany.
This goes back thousands of years and numerous conflicts and land grabs. Each of the European countries had reasons and old scores to settle. But the problem with WW I and most wars is that the young men are killed. Often massive civilian deaths too but the loss that hurts the country for generations is the best and brightest young men. Most of Western Europe are related going back 1000 and more years. Most of Eastern Europe are also related as well with a few tribes that never cross married and are mostly still unique DNAs. Today there is about as much difference in DNA between a German and a Pole as there is between a South Boston man and someone from Concord NH. The problem is their cultural differences and their perceived history. Humans weren't meant to get along they were meant to form strong tribal and cultural bonds and to protect and defend their families from "others". Our strength is NOT our diversity, it is our downfall. Without common culture and tribal ties we become a divided nation that won't stand together and won't stand FOR anything.
The late Anthony Price wrote a series of espionage novels which contained a lot of historical truths. At one point, he has a character (think it's Colonel Butler) state that his father (a WW I vet and a staunch union member) maintained that the problems in Britain after WW I was because too many of the best men - both management and union - died in the trenches. I reckon that's a fair summary.
But, very much back in the day, read an interesting book which countered the notion that the various Royal families (British, German, Austrian, Russian) really had that much say in going to war. The argument - as I remember - was that all the Royals were on holidays early on, which would not have happened were they seriously involved in their various government's decisions. Great Britain was, and is, a constitutional monarchy so George V had no real say in the government's decisions. However, there is some disagreement as to just how much control the various European monarchs (Emperor, Kaiser, Tsar) had over their governments and military.
When Loury & McWhorter ask…”why wasn’t the National Guard called??”…
...Remember who the current VP candidate is…governor of Minnesota at the time of the death of Floyd and the riots that followed, re-elected in 2022>>> Tim Walz.