The old saw about Eskimos having 40 words for different kinds of snow is an urban myth, but it is true that English is impoverished in its language for attachments.
In Psychoanalysis, we talk about "attachments" to try to keep it simple and clear. Then we add an adjective to specify.
I recently got on this topic in a consultation with a fellow who was torn up and confused about his love for his wife of 38 years and his exciting relationship with a woman at work.
"Cupid is mischievous," said I, "and he never rests. He especially loves to target guys, but making trouble, creating restlessness, and making even grown people go crazy is his game." I said "Love and desire are not zero-sum games, and, besides there are many kinds of love which coexist all the time."
I explained to him the various forms of love for which the ancient Greeks had useful names, but wiki does a better job with it:
Greek distinguishes several different senses in which the word "love" is used. For example, Ancient Greek has the words philia, eros, agape, storge, and xenia. However, with Greek (as with many other languages), it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time, the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of the verb agapo having the same meaning as phileo.
Agape (????? agáp?) means love in modern-day Greek. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek. The word agapo is the verb I love. It generally refers to a "pure," ideal type of love, rather than the physical attraction suggested by eros. However, there are some examples of agape used to mean the same as eros. It has also been translated as "love of the soul."
Eros (???? ér?s) (from the Greek deity Eros) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word erota means in love. Plato refined his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by eros. Some translations list it as "love of the body."
Philia (????? philía), a dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept developed by Aristotle. It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean "love of the mind."
Storge (?????? storg?) is natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring.
Xenia (????? xenía), hospitality, was an extremely important practice in Ancient Greece. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and his guest, who could previously have been strangers. The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was expected to repay only with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology—in particular, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
(There was also this thing called Platonic Love, a notion which entailed the idea of a sublimation of ordinary Eros to a love of the divine and the sublime.)
The fellow concluded that he could keep some of his philia and storge for his wife, but that he needed more eros before he got older. He thanked me profusely for the conversation, overpaid his bill (doubled it), and I never saw him again.
My work is mostly never so quick and easy.
Image is Caravaggio's Cupid.
